Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology

T. Venkateswara Rao ¹, Ravi Kiran Owku ¹

Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.T), Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) or “patches,” are dosage forms designed to deliver effective amount of drug across a patient’s skin. In order to deliver therapeutic agents through the human skin for systemic effects, the comprehensive morphological, biophysical and physicochemical properties of the skin are to be considered. Transdermal delivery is advantageous over injectables and oral routes by increasing patient compliance and avoiding first pass metabolism respectively. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are limitation of hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady plasma level of the drug. The evidence of percutaneous drug absorption found through measurable blood levels of the drug, detectable excretion of the drug and its metabolites in the urine and through the clinical response of the patient to the administered drug therapy.

Keywords

TDDS, Evaluations.

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R. Aruna ¹, T. Venkateswara Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla Educational Society, Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
2 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla Educational Society, Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN

Abstract

Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker which undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism by liver; its absorption from upper part of GIT is very low and has poor oral bioavailability of 40% - 60%. In the present investigation Diltiazem Hydrochloride was formulated as a bilayer floating tablets in order to achieve the Gastric residence time and to minimize the flactuations in blood level i.e the drug was released from the SR layer. Bilayer floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Immediate release layer was formulated by using various suerdisintegrantents such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone and sustained release layer was formulated by different grades hydrophilic polymers i.e. HPMCK4M, HPMCE5 and HPMCK100M.The drug- excipient compatibility studies were conducted by IR spectroscopy. The tablets were evaluated for weight variation hardness, friability, drug content, swelling index, in-vitro buoyancy studies and in-vitro dissolution studies. The drug was released from an immediate release layer was 20mins followed by sustained release layer for 12hrs.The dissolution data were fitted into zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas mechanism. The drug release from the formulation F20 followed first order kinetics and exhibited Peppas transport mechanism.

Keywords

Diltiazem Hydrochloride, SSG, Croscarmellose Sodium, Crosovidone, HPMCK4M, HMCE5, HPMCK100M.

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S. K. Salma Banu ¹, T. Venkateswara Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla Educational Society, Bapatla, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN

Abstract

Glipizide, a second generation sulfonylurea is effective in controlling the blood glucose in patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. As Glipizide possess short biological half life (2-4 hrs), the concept of Bilayered tablet technology was used to formulate Glipizide as Sustained release tablet formulation. In order to overcome the disproportionate release of drug during intial period in case of general sustained release tablet formulations the concept of Bilayered tablets was utilized. Moreover by fabricating drugs in the form of Bilayered tablets, one can improve the Cmax and the speed of appearance of the drug in patient. Bilayered tablets formulated through Direct Compression was comprised of immediate, sustained release layers were formulated and evaluated through %Weight variation, Hardness, Friability, %Drug content, Swelling index and In-vitro drug release studies. 30% of the drug present in the immediate release layer was released within first 20 minutes and the remaining 70% of the drug release was sustained based on the polymer selected. The formulation comprised of HPC and HPMC as the polymers sustained the drug release for 12hrs and was found to be the best formulations.

Keywords

Bilayered Tablets, Glipizide, PVP K-30, Spray Dried Lactose, HPC, HPMC.

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M. Surendra ¹, T. Venkateswara Rao ², K. Lokeswara Reddy ², A. Ramesh Babu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.t), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.t), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN

Abstract

Microencapsulation by Ionic gelation technique is an approach to achieve controlled release of drug and mucoadhesive microcapsules were designed to improve the absorption and bioavailability of drug. Microcapsules of Aceclofenac were formulated by employing sodium alginate, two natural polymers-gum kondagogu and gum karaya. The prepared microcapsules were free flowing, discrete spherical shape was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microencapsulation efficiency was in the range of 60-80% and they exhibited good mucoadhesive property. Invitro dissolution data revealed that formulations exhibit the zero order kinetics and followed non-fickian diffusion transport mechanism. The GI residence time of microcapsules were studied by X-Ray photographs. In-vitro release profile of formulation (F3) was found similar to that of marketed formulation. Preclinical pharmacological activity i.e. analgesic activity was conducted. This formulation exhibited the significant analgesic activity Mucoadhesive microcapsules prepared with sodium alginate, gum karaya and gum kondagogu found to be suitable for oral controlled release.

Keywords

Aceclofenac, Ionic-Gelation Method, Entrapment Efficiency, in Vitro Release.

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